Although the theory behind each of these modalities is sound and each are used frequently in physical therapy clinics, there is little evidence in the literature to support their use for back pain. Reviews of studies on each of these modalities demonstrated overall results that were not statistically significant or inconsistent and came from low quality studies15 burberry 20. A review done on the use of IFC for musculoskeletal pain was found to be a good supplemental intervention when done in combination with other treatments. However, it was unclear which of the burberry two interventions was more effective in managing pain. It was shown however that the use of IFC alone was not more effective than a placebo or another form of treatment15. A Cochran burberry review done on the use of heat and cold found moderate support burberry for the short term use of a blanket heat wrap to decrease pain and disability in populations with acute or subacute low back pain. However, there was insignificant evidence to support the use of heat or cold overall16. One study found that a combination of various treatments, including electrotherapy, heat, ultrasound, massage, and exercise therapy was effective in improving pain and burberry function compared to a control group in patients with musculoskeletal dysfunctions. However, no specific combinations were specified to be more effective than others17. Overall, these studies demonstrated that there are no significant outcomes from the use of these physical agents to decrease pain and disability.